How does weight affect an aircraft's performance?

Weight plays a crucial role in an aircraft's performance, particularly in terms of stall speed and takeoff distance. When the weight of an aircraft increases, it affects several aerodynamic and performance characteristics.

Increased weight results in a higher stall speed because the aircraft must maintain a greater amount of lift to counteract the added weight. The lift generated by the wings is a function of airspeed; therefore, to prevent the aircraft from stalling, the pilot must fly at a higher airspeed, leading to a higher stall speed during various phases of flight.

Additionally, a heavier aircraft requires a longer takeoff distance upon departure. This is due to the increased lift needed to become airborne. An aircraft needs to accelerate to a higher speed to reach the necessary lift-off speed, resulting in an extended takeoff roll on the runway. This increase in takeoff distance must be carefully calculated during pre-flight planning to ensure the aircraft can safely operate from the chosen runway.

Thus, the option indicating that weight increases stall speed and requires longer takeoff distances accurately reflects the performance implications of increased weight on an aircraft.