What does "Controlled Flight Into Terrain" (CFIT) refer to?

Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) refers specifically to an unintentional collision with terrain while the aircraft is still under pilot control. This situation typically occurs when a pilot fails to recognize that the aircraft is on a collision course with the ground or other obstacles, often due to factors such as poor visibility, insufficient situational awareness, or fatigue.

The key aspect of CFIT is that the aircraft is in controlled flight before the collision, meaning the pilot is actively operating the aircraft and has not lost control, which differentiates it from situations involving loss of control. Understanding CFIT is crucial for pilots because it highlights the importance of maintaining situational awareness, effective communication, and adherence to terrain awareness procedures and technologies.

This understanding can help ensure that pilots can recognize the signs and potential risks associated with CFIT, thereby helping to prevent such incidents.