What is the common communication protocol for an emergency landing?

Declaring an emergency using "Mayday" and clearly stating intentions is crucial during an emergency landing. "Mayday" is an internationally recognized distress signal that alerts air traffic control and nearby aircraft that the situation is critical and requires immediate attention. Clearly stating your intentions helps provide vital information to controllers and other pilots about your situation, allowing them to assist you effectively.

This protocol not only ensures that you receive help promptly but also provides clarity on your current status and intentions, which is vital in emergency situations where quick decisions are necessary. Air traffic control can then coordinate the best course of action for your emergency landing, which could include clearing airspace, providing guidance on landing sites, or facilitating assistance once on the ground.

The use of "Emergency" or other variations, while possibly recognizable, does not carry the same urgency and global recognition as "Mayday." Additionally, reporting issues only once on landing may be insufficient for effective communication, as ongoing clarity and updates are often necessary. While using 121.5 is appropriate for emergencies, it is not the sole or primary means of communication during an emergency landing, as air traffic control will typically prefer contact on the appropriate frequency for the current airspace.