Which training time must be certified by the instructor?

The correct answer is that all flight, simulator, and ground training must be certified by the instructor. This requirement reflects the comprehensive nature of pilot training and emphasizes the instructor’s role in validating the training a student has completed.

In flight training, instructors are key in ensuring that students have met the necessary competencies and requirements as outlined in the relevant regulatory guidelines. This includes not only practical flying hours but also the training conducted in simulators, which can be critical for developing specific skills and procedures in a controlled environment.

Ground training is equally essential, as it encompasses the theoretical knowledge that supports a student’s ability to operate an aircraft safely and effectively. Ground instruction includes subjects like navigation, weather, regulations, and aircraft systems, which are all crucial for a pilot's understanding and decision-making.

By certifying all aspects of a pilot’s training, instructors ensure that the student has achieved a well-rounded skill set, which is essential for safe and competent flying. This holistic approach guarantees that all areas of flight training—symbolizing both the practical and intellectual components of becoming a proficient pilot—are accounted for and documented properly.